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|common_name = Monaco |image_flag = Flag of Monaco.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Monaco.svg |image_map = Location Monaco Europe.png |map_caption = |image_map2 = |map2_width = |map2_caption = |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''Hymne Monégasque'' English: Monégasque Anthem'' |capital = Monaco〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=United-Nations data, country profile )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Constitution of Monaco (art. 78): ''The territory of the Principality forms a single commune.'' )〕 |religion = Roman Catholicism |largest_settlement_type = ''Quartier'' |largest_settlement = Monte Carlo |latd =43 |latm=43 |latNS=N |longd=7 |longm=25 |longEW=E |official_languages = French |languages_type = Common languages |languages = |official_religion = Roman Catholicism |ethnic_groups = |demonym = |government_type = Unitary parliamentary Constitutional monarchy |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = Albert II |leader_title2 = Minister of State |leader_name2 = Michel Roger |leader_title3 = President of the National Council |leader_name3 = Laurent Nouvion (REM) |legislature = National Council |area_km2 = 2.02 |area_sq_mi = 0.78 |area_rank = 248th |area_magnitude = 1 G6 |percent_water = negligible〔, Principauté de Monaco. Retrieved 7 June 2010.〕 |population_estimate = 37,800 |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_estimate_rank = 217th |population_density_km2 = 18,713 |population_density_sq_mi = 48,462 |population_density_rank = 1st |population_census = 35,352〔 |population_census_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP = $4.694 billion〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World Development Indicators ) Note: "PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $)" for France (0.8724) was used.〕 |GDP_PPP_year = 2010 |GDP_PPP_rank = 156th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $132,571〔〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 1st |GDP_nominal = $5.424 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=National Accounts Main Aggregates Database )〕 |GDP_nominal_year = 2010 |GDP_nominal_rank = 148th |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $153,177〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 1st |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = |HDI = |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = House of Grimaldi |established_date1 = 1297 |established_event2 = Franco-Monegasque Treaty |established_date2 = 1861 |established_event3 = Constitution |established_date3 = 1911 |currency = Euro (€) |currency_code = EUR |time_zone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = .mc |calling_code = +377 ||drives_on = right |footnote_a = Monaco is a city-state. However, government offices are located in the ''Quartier'' of Monaco-Ville. |footnote_b = GDP per capita calculations include non-resident workers from France and Italy. |footnote_c = ''Monacan'' is the term for residents. }} Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco ((フランス語:Principauté de Monaco)), is a sovereign city-state and microstate, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea. Monaco has an area of and a population of about 37,800; it is the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world. Monaco has a land border of , a coastline of , and a width that varies between . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires ''Ward'', which is above sea level. Monaco's most populous ''Quartier'' is Monte Carlo and the most populous ''Ward'' is Larvotto/Bas Moulins. Through land reclamation, Monaco's land mass has expanded by twenty percent. Although small, Monaco is very old and quite well known, especially because of its status as a playground for the rich and famous; who themselves become a spectacle for tourists and an economic engine in the Mediterranean. In 2014 it was noted about 30% of the population was made up of millionaires, similar to Zürich or Geneva.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=One in Three is a Millionaire in Monaco: Study )〕 Monaco is a principality governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with Prince Albert II as head of state. Although Prince Albert II is a constitutional monarch, he wields immense political power. The House of Grimaldi have ruled Monaco, with brief interruptions, since 1297.〔In fact Francesco Grimaldi, who captured the Rock on the night of 8 January 1297, was forced to flee Monaco only four years after the fabled raid, never to come back. The Grimaldi family was not able to permanently secure their holding until 1419 when they purchased Monaco, along with two neighbouring villages, Menton and Roquebrune. Source: 〕 The official language is French, but Monégasque, Italian, and English are widely spoken and understood. The state's sovereignty was officially recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861, with Monaco becoming a full United Nations voting member in 1993. Despite Monaco's independence and separate foreign policy, its defense is the responsibility of France. However, Monaco does maintain two small military units. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with the opening of the country's first casino, Monte Carlo, and a railway connection to Paris. Since then, Monaco's mild climate, splendid scenery, and upscale gambling facilities have contributed to the principality's status as a premier tourist destination and recreation center for the rich and famous. In more recent years, Monaco has become a major banking center and has successfully sought to diversify its economy into services and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries. The state has no income tax, low business taxes, and is well known for being a tax haven. It is also the host of the annual street circuit motor race Monaco Grand Prix, one of the original Grands Prix of Formula One. Monaco is not formally a part of the European Union (EU), but it participates in certain EU policies, including customs and border controls. Through its relationship with France, Monaco uses the euro as its sole currency (prior to this it used the Monégasque franc). Monaco joined the Council of Europe in 2004. It is a member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). == History == (詳細はPhocaean Greek colony. Referred to by the Ligurians as ''Monoikos'', from the Greek "μόνοικος", "single house", from "μόνος" (''monos'') "alone, single"〔, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library〕 + "οἶκος" (''oikos'') "house",〔, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library〕 which bears the sense of a people either settled in a "single habitation" or of "living apart" from others. According to an ancient myth, Hercules passed through the Monaco area and turned away the previous gods. As a result, a temple was constructed there, the temple of Hercules Monoikos. Because the only temple of this area was the "House" of Hercules, the city was called Monoikos.〔''Strabo, Geography, Gaul, 4.6.3'' (at LacusCurtious )〕〔, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library〕 It ended up in the hands of the Holy Roman Empire, which gave it to the Genoese. An ousted branch of Genoese family, the Grimaldi, fought for it for a hundred years with them before really gaining control. Though the Republic of Genoa would last until the 19th century, they let the Grimaldi family to keep Monaco, and, likewise, both France and Spain left it alone for hundreds of years. France did not annex it until the French Revolution, but after the defeat of Napoleon it was put under the care of the Kingdom of Sardinia. In the 19th century, when Sardinia became a part of Italy, the region came under French influence again but France allowed it to remain independent. Like France, Monaco was over-run by the Axis powers during the Second World War and for a short time was administered by Italy, then the Third Reich, before finally being liberated. Although the occupation lasted for just a short time, it meant the deportation of the Jewish population and execution of several resistance members from Monaco. Since then Monaco has been independent but has taken some steps towards integration with the European Union. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monaco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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